Medical Malpractice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Medical Malpractice - Research Paper Example An understanding of the causes/dimensions, effects and liabilities of medical malpractice can help one to avoid such professional negligence and malpractice lawsuits. Medical malpractice and its characteristics Current trends and statistics relating to medical malpractice Within the past six centuries, medical malpractice has increased drastically. According to statistics, there were a total of 2696 serious cases of malpractice in the United States in 1999 alone (Medical Malpractice par 1). The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences states that about 98000 patients risk losing their lives in various hospitals in the US due to medical malpractices (Medical Malpractice par 1). In today’s society, a doctor’s responsibility is to provide affordable care, talent and reasonable judgment in the course of duty. Whenever patients are given wrongly diagnosed, mal-treated or die due to what is perceived to be medical malpractice, the doctors normally are subject ed to a lot of suffering without appreciating their efforts or whatever good they may have done before to save lives. This situation also makes fellow doctor fear performing certain risky procedures for fear of going through similar or worse experiences. Potential doctors are also discouraged from joining the medical profession when they witness such situations. Characteristics of Negligence Malpractice is negligence. Cases of negligence fall under the description of torts. A tort may be a common offence, thus malpractice could be a common offence. In the simplest terms, there are four essential elements of malpractice which include duty, breach, damage and (direct) causal affiliation. Each healthcare supplier assumes a duty when beginning diagnosis, consultations, or treatment of a patient. The duty or responsibility emanates from an implied or expressed contract. Another important element of medical malpractice is breach. If one fails to create an accurate diagnosis once he or she has assumed the duty to try and do so, one might commit a breach of responsibility. Thirdly, causal affiliation which states that damage is caused by a failure to properly diagnose the breach responsibility. Damage is the outcome of a failure to diagnose properly. Medical malpractice occurs when a patient sustains injuries or complications that may or may not be of a permanent and continuing nature due to negligence (Pozgar 558). Negligence is among the most typical civil suit filed against doctors. Legal responsibility for negligence cannot be found unless the following subsequent elements are present: One, the defendant should owe an obligation to the plaintiff to practice care. Two, the defendant should breach the quality of care stipulated by law for his/her behavior. Thirdly, the plaintiff should suffer loss or damage as a result of this breach. Lastly, the behavior of the defendant should be the near cause of the plaintiff’s injury or damage ((Pozgar 65). Cases related to medical malpractice In the case of Adderly v. Bremner it was noted that the defendant medical doctor was careless in not altering the syringes to vaccinate thirty eight patients and as an alternative used one needle for more than one patient (Pozgar 76). As a result, the plaintiff experienced blood poisoning. The doctor in this case did not provide the specified correct care. Any sensible doctor would have actually

Homeland Security Essay Example for Free

Homeland Security Essay The challenge to traditional policing issued in the 1970s has created a new concept of policing and that is the role of policing in homeland security. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, the federal government has shifted to a policy of homeland security, and part of that has incorporated local firefighters and local police agencies (Oliver Hilgenberg, 2004). But the creation has a lot of inadequacies. First, so much confusion still abounds in terms of what homeland security means: is it simply being more watchful for suspicious activities, is it intelligence gathering on the part of patrol officers, or is it standing guard at possible terrorist targets in their jurisdictions? Another inadequacy is not so much determining if local police are going to play a role in this new public policy but rather what role they can play. And, beyond determining what role the police will play in homeland security, the natural extension of this is to ask who will pay. Moreover, as the public policy of homeland security is clearly a national policy issue, it would seem that the policy will be an intergovernmental one driven by the presidential administration. While there have been some intergovernmental grant programs implemented, many of these have been slow to reach the local level, raising further questions as to what role state and local police can play without the necessary resources. While it is too soon to determine how this new policy will play out in terms of policing in America, there is little doubt that this will be an active part of the public policy process in policing for years to come. As America responded quickly to the attacks by educating themselves on terrorism and demanding action from government, the president and the U. S. Congress quickly began a process of restructuring government to focus on antiterrorism (prevention techniques) and counterterrorism (how to actively respond to terrorists) measures in order to meet these new demands. The creation of the Office of Homeland Security and its subsequent passage as a cabinet-level department is an inclination that the national government is moving in this direction. In addition, many of the grants for local agencies are now centered on homeland security, and perhaps most telling is the fact that the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services had its budget slashed by the Bush administration, but the Department of Homeland Security has seen its budget allocations increase substantially. Although only time will tell if American law enforcement has entered into a new era of policing, there is little doubt that homeland security has become an overriding policy of the current administration and that, it will continue to be at least until January 2009 (Office of Homeland Security , 2002). Hence, a coordinated response to Homeland Security was good for interagency operations. That is why President George W. Bush signed the Homeland Security Act into law on November 25, 2002 (National Public Radio, 2002). It has been touted to be the greatest reorganization of the federal government since the beginning of the Cold War. Several departments have been assigned to the new Secretary for Homeland Security. Some of the agencies transferred to the Homeland Security (DHS) include the United States Secret Service, National Infrastructure Protection Center, Energy Assurance Office, National Communications System, United States Coast Guard, Customs Service, Transportation Security Administration, Federal Protective Service, Functions of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office of Domestic Preparedness, Selected functions of the Department of Agriculture, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, National Bio-Weapons Defense Analysis Center, Nuclear threat assessment programs, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Domestic Emergency Support Team, Metropolitan Medical Response System, National Disaster Medical System, Strategic National Stockpile of the Department of Public Health, Nuclear Incident Response Team, A new Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. Further, this new department is arranged under five Under Secretaries for: (1) Information Analysis and Infrastructure, (2) Science and Technology, (3) Border and Transportation Security, (4) Emergency Preparedness and Response, and (5) Management Services (Oliver, 341-342). The purpose of this massive reorganization of course is to centralize government planning and response. The DHS has been charged to cooperate and coordinate with state and local governments. The CIA and FBI remain separate agencies. In the homeland security, the government is calling for full participation by state and local agencies. Hence, it is good as it seeks to develop cooperative relationships with existing police agencies and homeland defense managers need to negotiate power sharing arrangements with state and local police.

Importance of Imagery in Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Course

Importance of Imagery in Hamlet In 'Hamlet', imagery performs three important functions. Firstly, it helps to individualize the major characters of the drama. Secondly, it announces and elaborates major themes. And thirdly, reiterated images establish the distinctive atmosphere of the tragedy and keep the underlying mood of a scene, or of a succession of scenes, before the audience's mind. The crucial dramatic event on which the plot of 'Hamlet' hinges - the murder of King Hamlet by his brother Claudius - takes place in the pre-history of the tragedy, but it is vividly recalled for Hamlet (and for the audience) by the ghost in 1.5. The old king describes in vivid detail how the poison attacked his body as he slept, and how that healthy organism was destroyed from within, not having a chance to defend itself. The leperous distilment, whose effect Holds such an emnity with blood of man, That swift as quicksilver it courses through The natural gates and alleys of the body, And with a sudden vigour it doth posset And curd, like eager droppings into milk, The thin and wholesome blood; so did it mine, And a most instant tetter barked about Most lazar-like with vile and loathsome crust All my smooth body. At two further points in the play's action physical poisoning visually recurs - the poisoning of Old Hamlet is re-enacted in 3.2 by Lucianus and the Player King; and in the final scene of the drama all of the major characters, including the arch-poisoner Claudius himself, meet their deaths by poison. Poisoning also becomes a distinctive recurring pattern in the play's imagery. The individual occurrence in the palace garden is expanded into a symbol for the central problem of the... ...in his hands and philosophises on life and death. Images of animal lust and sensual appetite highlight Hamlet's feeling of revulsion at the adulterous, incestuous relationship between his mother and his uncle. The carnal nature of their relationship is emphasised through a pattern of animal images. In his opening soliloquy the grieving Prince declares his disgust that even an animal lacking reasoning power would have mourned longer for its mate than Gertrude did for her dead husband. O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourn'd longer And the pair are imaged by him as pigs in their lovemaking Nay, but to live In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed Stewed in corruption, honeying and making love Over the nasty sty Finally, the bloat king is variously described by Hamlet as a 'satyr', 'beast', 'paddock', 'bat', 'gib'

A Man of Much More †Giuseppe Garibaldi Essay

Through his adventures as a general and a freedom fighter, Giuseppe Garibaldi emerged as the first international celebrity and hero. As one of the few esteemed Italian heroes today, Garibaldi is â€Å"the only one who is loved as well as admired†. [1] Born in 1807 in Nice, France, Giuseppe Garibaldi was drawn into radical politics and seafaring as a young man. He soon was granted his captainship and participated in various political insurrections and uprisings. Upon his exile from Piedmont, Garibaldi was able to display his courage, persistence, and audacity, by sailing and battling as a freedom fighter in Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Between 1848 and 1867, he fought numerous campaigns throughout Italy with inferior odds to the opposing French, Neapolitan, and Austrian forces for the coalition of his homeland. With his leadership and perseverance to liberate all men, Garibaldi was able to unify Italy in a final campaign in France against the Prussians, bringing Rome back under control of the Italian government. Garibaldi, through creating his image as a hero and celebrity, acquired a mythical status that is questioned by historians today. Historians try to extrapolate every aspect of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s honored character and life. They seek to find what factors provided his worldwide reverence and notoriety. Scholars such as Alfonso Scirocco and Lucy Riall employ the idea that truth and reality must be extracted from the myths embedded in the heroic image of Garibaldi. [2] In reality, noted by Paul Vallely, the materialization of media and propaganda by himself and the radical leader, Giuseppe Mazzini, served as the key factor in Garibaldi’s progression to public idolization both during and post-life. [3] Self-sacrifice and self-achievement are qualities of heroes, while propaganda and media are devices that institute fame and idolization. With the self-conscious manipulation of the press and media with help of his mentor, Giuseppe Mazzini, and determination to sacrifice to achieve goals for both himself and his country, Giuseppe Garibaldi was able to create an image as a hero, celebrity, and the â€Å"heart-throb of modern Europe†. [4] What many historians falsely accuse today, is the notion that Garibaldi was a renowned hero, whose fame was unwillingly brought upon himself due to his notable excursions as a political and military leader. This fictitious statement declares no external sources factored into the construction of Giuseppe Garibaldi’s fame, notoriety, and mythic image. In opposition to this superficial declaration, historians such as Lucy Riall and Paul Vallely pronounce that Garibaldi’s recognition and prominence as a hero was acquired through a series of self-fashioning decisions that promoted himself as a political idol to the people of Italy, and even Europe in the broader spectrum of political interest. [5] Garibaldi’s fame was acquired through a combination of factors resulting from the intentional, political strategy planned by nationalist, radical and political leader, Giuseppe Mazzini. Mazzini sought to foster radical republican views through the use of one, living, breathing, iconic hero. The emergence of new technologies, principally the electric telegraph and the cheaper printing machines, sparked what was called the information revolution, which was â€Å"expressed in the proliferation of newspapers and a popular press†. [6] This revolution was accompanied by the growth of literate masses as well as a generation of a new political culture with the public partaking in more â€Å"traditional forms of mass political expression†. 7] Using the new printed media and propaganda, Mazzini and his publicists (Mazzinian journalists) set out to endorse Garibaldi as a romantic, radical hero. In one of many attempts to promote and uphold Garibaldi’s developing image as a hero, Mazzini published two articles describing Garibaldi and his Italian Legion in Uruguay to London paper, the Apostulato Populare. The paper proclaimed, â€Å"[W]e name him [Garibaldi] with pride to our brothers†¦ because we are sure that he considers his career in South America to be merely the apprenticeship for the Italian war which one day will call him back to Europe†. 8] Glorifying his expeditions and rebellions in Uruguay, Mazzini set out to show to the public of Italy and Europe that Garibaldi was a leader and a liberator, who fought for the freedom of all men. As a continuation of his relentless promotion of Garibaldi, in January 1846, Mazzini wrote a letter to the London Times admiring the patriotism and courage of the Italian Legion. In the summer of the same year, a French translation was published as a propaganda pamphlet, which would circulate hrough continental Europe encouraging the â€Å"good people who have strong feelings of charity towards their fatherland†. [9] With encouragement of Mazzini, Filippo de Boni, a Swiss radical, published a long article in his monthly newspaper, Cosi la penso, exaggerating the lack of public support and interest regarding the sacrifices made by Garibaldi and the Italian Legion in Montevideo, but â€Å"exalting Garibaldi as ‘a man resolute in his generosity, a man of courage and intelligence, capable of great deeds, and for this freely elected by the legionaries as their colonel’ †. 10] In another effort to advocate the emerging radical politician, Giuseppe Mazzini commiss ioned the first portrait of Garibaldi that was published in Il Mondo Illustrato, in 1848 before his arrival in Italy in June 1848. This lithograph, that was taken and circulated to raise money for nationalistic causes, â€Å"depicts Garibaldi as a romantic, exotic figure, half turned towards the viewer†. [11] This spread his romantic image as a fighter – full beard and long, flowing hair, hands rested on a sabre, aesthetic eyes – and a leader. 12] This lithograph, in effect, led to the mass production of engraved portraits of Garibaldi to circulate through revolutionary (Northern) Italy. Upon his return in spring of 1848, Garibaldi was already a distinguished character, celebrated for his victories perpetuating Italian honor and â€Å"political freedom in foreign lands†. [13] Thanks to Mazzini’s efforts with the media and press, Garibaldi had become identified with courage, liberality, and ethical righteousness – â€Å"virtues exalted as inherent elements of italianita†. 14] Garibaldi had to both look and act the part of a hero, celebrity, and the symbol of Italy as one nation. He acted as a â€Å"media-savvy politician† and often basked in the attention given to him by journalists and reporters. [15] His image, notably his appearance, appealed to the reading public in his portraits and changed according to his mental and emotional states in life. Shortly before the departure of his voyage to South America, a British naval officer accurately portrayed his appearance: †¦ firm well-built frame which sat his horse like a centaur. He wore his hair and beard long; they were then of a dark brown colour, with a reddish tint in the latter. His countenance was remarkable for its serenity, and the lips pressed close together denoted a strong will, whilst his eyes were steadfast and piercing in their gaze. In stature he was of medium height, and was altogether the beau ideal of a chief of irregular troops. [16] This depiction of Garibaldi â€Å"in the full vigour of his manhood†, displays his representation as a leader, both strong and self-assured. Others, upon Garibaldi’s return to Italy during the revolutions of 1848-49 depicted him as a â€Å"represent[ation] of radicalism and rebellion, and his roughly physical, distinctly sexual, appeal could scarcely have differed more from prevailing aristocratic conventions of political portraiture†. [18] In a daguerreotype (type of photograph) taken by Marcus Root in 1851, Garibaldi is portrayed in a strikingly different manner than his previous romantic, freedom-fighting image. No trace of his red blouse, flowing hair, and zealous expression is present. He strikes a solemn, mannerly pose, with the nature of a rising sun in the background. His good looks are apparent, but he is groomed, wearing a â€Å"dark double-breasted coat and neatly tied cavat, with tidy and well trimmed hair and beard†. [19] The tranquil yet downhearted stare in his eyes shows viewers his emotional state of reverence and the change of persona that had occurred. Garibaldi’s exile to America marks the point of leaving his image as a bandit and freedom fighter. This new radically changed guise while in New York, remarks a heavy notion of respectability, in opposition to the â€Å"the youthful romantic, the exotic and picturesque rebel who had fought on the hills above Rome in 1849†. [20] This deep feeling of somberness was due to the death of his Uruguayan wife; his companion through his wild escapades as a freedom fighter. In a portrait of Garibaldi, artist, Gustave Dore, set out to show the compromise between â€Å"Garibaldi’s romantic past and more conventional present†. 21] Placed in a rocky scenery, Garibaldi is shown in the portrait with a cloak over top his generals uniform; this idea stresses his new gentlemanly features acquired in New York due to his mannerly Piedmontese uniform, but also emphasizes Garibaldi’s romantic past – the rocky peak in the background, with Garibaldi at the top bearing his cloak and long hair. Garibaldi did not simply appear drastically different to appeal to the radical public of Europe. He appealed to â€Å"Italy’s famous past, to religion, martyrdom and betrayal, to military violence and hatred of the foreigner, and to family, sex and romantic love†. [22] Along with his astounding military accomplishments, Garibaldi was able to gain the love and support of the people through his constant modification of his own image. Self-consciously, Garibaldi constructed himself into a â€Å"global brand† and â€Å"the heart throb of metropolitan Europe†. [23] Continuing his role as a self-fashioning, nationalist hero, Garibaldi intended to attain worldwide reverence subsequent to his glorious life. Upon his death in 1882, The Times (London), according to Riall, expressed the shock at the loss of a man who had â€Å"fascinated two hemispheres for thirty years†. [24] This fascination with Garibaldi, the idea of popularity and intense idolization, was acknowledged more after his death than during his lifetime. His use of media to create a strong self image, his personal skills and physical attraction, and his spectacular military victories all contributed to the realization, which occurred after his death, that he was the true hero and sword in the Risorgimento and unification of Italy. Garibaldi’s memoirs and autobiographical novel, I Mille, were prolongations to his endeavors of promoting his own image. In conclusion to his long life of upheaval and radical political affairs, Giuseppe Garibaldi intended to allege himself as the symbol of the Risorgimento movement and the resurrection of Italy, to which he dedicated his very own existence. The funeral processions and ceremonies of Garibaldi occurred in many major cities of Italy; all elaborate celebrations of his greatness and contribution to Italy’s unification. In Rome, perhaps the most ornate commemorations occurred. A color lithograph was printed depicting the transport of Garibaldi’s bust to the Campidoglio in Rome. In the print, a marvelous parade follows the bust of Garibaldi’s head, which is being crowned with a laurel wreath by a statue of liberty placed beside the giant head. The enormous statues are drawn in a carriage by eight white horses and carved into the side of the carriage were portrayals of Garibaldi’s triumphant arrivals into Naples, Palermo, and Rome. [25] Riall seeks to xpose Garibaldi’s post-life reverence and attempt to signify himself as the ‘Sword’ of Italy’s unification. In conclusion, Garibaldi was indeed a self-fashioning hero and political actor who strove at self-promotion due to the awareness that a new age of â€Å"ubiquitous† fame and ceasing belief in â€Å"Great Men† was present. [26] Undoubtedly, Garibaldi’s political innovation and military successes played value roles in obtaining iconic public appeal for 40 years while shifting from a revolutionary standpoint of nationalism to an official principle of an established regime, the Risorgimento. 27] Predominantly, his interaction with the press and media and his â€Å"natural possession† and â€Å"dramatic timing†, applied his fame and fortune: †¦ he knew how to strike a pose, he knew how to use his voice, his body and his smile, he knew when to be brave and when to be humble, and he knew when to abandon the stage and distance himself from the public furore created by his presence.

Miranda Complex in Julia Alvarez’s How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents Essay

The article of Jennifer Bess who is an assistant professor of Peace Studies at Coucher College in Baltimore, Maryland, starts with a quotation from Alice Walker’ s book The Way Forward Is with a Broken Heart: A diary like this, with so many blank pages, seems to reflect a life permeated with gaps, an existence full of holes. But perhaps that is what happens when one’s experience is so intensely different from anything dreamed of as a child that there seems literally to be no words for it. This quotation is a kind of foreshadowing of what Bess puts forward in her article. The article starts with the background of the Miranda complex which is stated in the article’s title. It is mentioned that there is a girl named Miranda in Shakespeare’s play The Tempest. She has all the privileges of her father’s administration over an island; however she states that â€Å" I have suffered/ with there that I saw suffer! â€Å" because of his father’s authoritarianism. From the gender point of view, she carries the burden of oppression and powerlessness of Caribbean people and also the burden of oppression â€Å"the benefits and protection offered by colonizing father and husband. † She is a victim and an inheritor of the forces of colonialism at the same time. According to the article, Julia Alvarez studies this complex inheritance in her autobiographically based novel How The Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents. Alvarez’s characters tell many truths about their history and shared identity through Garcia girls. At the beginning of the novel, Alvarez goes back to the history of Garcia family to the time of Miranda . There were conquerors â€Å"encircling her own wrists† and she passes on these conquistadors to the Garcia sisters in the novel. The novel then emphasizes the themes of loss and violation; on the one hand there is a comfort and strength when the Garcia girls experience the female alliance and the richness of their shared Dominican experience; on the other hand however, they feel the pain of oppression. Because the privileged women of color tell only some parts of the story, her novel involves the mixed voices of silent people and the history’s loses along with Garcia family’s role in violence and victimization. According to the article, Alvarez’s characters come across wit the absence of memories so she must dig into the collective memory in order to uncover what remains of â€Å"common experience broken in time. Just like Miranda, the character Yolanda sympathizes with the others who suffer, however; she cannot identify herself with them completely because of her privilege, just as she cannot identify completely with Americans and even with her own extended family on the island. Her identity is fractured, unlike Miranda who depends on her father to fill in the gaps of her past, Yolanda takes the responsibility and writes her own past; in short she â€Å"recaptures the self† through her self creation. Alvarez’s characters cannot recover the loses of the past but with the exploration of Miranda’s complex, they transform â€Å"mandate of silence† into a revolution of truth telling and self-invention. For the Bess, the novel’s missing words and missing stories forms its theme; however the theme is not only one of loss ; it is also one in which Miranda faces the price of her family’s privilege. In other words, Alvarez uses absences and silence to expose the complexity of her characters’ inheritance, an inheritance shared by all â€Å"who have been shaped by the legacies of western expansion. Bess uses a quotation from Almanac of the Dead referring the alienation that the Garcia girls experienced; In Almanac of the Dead, Leslie Marmon Silko explains through a storyteller that the theory of the Big Bang was â€Å"consistent with everything else that he had seen: from their flimsy attachments to one another and their children to their abandonme nt of the land where they had been born,† westerners and those who have inherited their culture all share the same fate of alienation as do Adam and Eve, â€Å"wandering aimlessly because the insane God who had sired them had abandoned† and expelled them (1991, 258). She continues with another quotation stating that Silko calls the European as the orphaned children and thinks that the girls suffer after their exile: As Silko continues, â€Å"the Europeans had not been able to sleep soundly on the American continents, not even with a full military guard. They,† Like their heirs in Carlos and Yolanda, â€Å"suffered from nightmares and frequently claimed to see devils and ghosts† Their past, divided by the â€Å"river of bodies† left by the Haitian massacre and by the massacre of the natives hundreds of years before, will forever keep the Garcias orphaned spiritually.

An analysis on how D H Lawrence portrays the theme of freedom his two stories Essays

An analysis on how D H Lawrence portrays the theme of freedom his two stories Essays An analysis on how D H Lawrence portrays the theme of freedom his two stories Paper An analysis on how D H Lawrence portrays the theme of freedom his two stories Paper Essay Topic: Literature In the two narratives, The Shades of Spring and Things by D. H Lawrence, the theme of freedom is portrayed through the text. In both stories, Lawrence attempts to express his own views of freedom and tries to explain to the reader why it is important that people have freedom, in whatever context, today. Each short story reveals a theme of freedom, although the style in which D. H Lawrence represents that freedom varies between each narrative. The two stories have two totally different plots, character personalities, and ideas. Along with this both stories describe many different themes. However, Lawrence seems to have brought up the theme of freedom in both of these stories, most probably to emphasise the importance of the ability and to try to get the reader to appreciate the fact that he or she should be thankful that they have freedom today. In the Shades of Spring, freedom is depicted through descriptions involving the environment and the nature surrounding it. The best examples of this is when the main character, D. H Lawrence describes the surrounding environment in every new scene that arises, as the story progresses. In one of the opening scenes of the story Lawrence describes the landscape, which can be seen from Sysons position; Syson who is the main character of the story. When Syson arrives enters this new scenic landscape, Lawrence begins describing the surrounding in terms of the flowers, the streams, the pools of bluebells and the ice-water blue lakes. Ah, isnt it lovely, Syson exclaims in the text when he sees this area for the first time. In Lawrences detailed description about how Syson has never seen the country side looking so beautiful before, Lawrence forebodes the fact that Syson is reflecting on his life, and is trying to say that it was his freedom that allows him to see these beauty of natures setting. Not only does Lawrence express this theme in his descriptions, but it is also apparent that the theme is described in the dialogue of Syson. Again with Sysons dialogue, Syson tries to express how free he is in the way in which he talks about the environment. In addition to this, Sysons perception of the environment also portrays this same idea. An example of this is when Syson is talking to Hilda, and Hilda replies to one of Sysons questions saying, I am like a plant I can only grow in my own soil. Lawrence explains to the reader that Syson was trying to show that Hilda didnt have the freedom he had, and that is why their relationship couldnt start again, as Syson had wanted it to be. The theme of freedom can be seen expressed in the dialogue, descriptions, and character perceptions in The Shades of Spring. In Lawrences other short story, Things, freedom can be seen through the life of the family in the storyline. The theme is expressed through the way in which Lawrence describes the way the family live. Like it says in the story, the family living free is the answer to a beautiful life. In the opening paragraph of the story, Lawrence emphasises that no matter what else was going on with the family, they were free, and that is all that matters. This is clear when Lawrence states, still they were free. Free! He also says later that, to be free is to live ones own life! In this quote Lawrence makes, he expresses his own opinion on freedom. Valerie, the main character, has an ambition to live a free life in this story. This is apparent when we see how much Valerie pushes her son Erasmus to lead the same life as her. She forces him to live a life similar to that of the American dream, and exclaims how giving up his freedom would mean giving up his full and beautiful life. The words full and beautiful life seem to appear many times throughout the text, and seem to pose some importance for Lawrence himself. An interesting point to make about this story is the fact that America itself is used as a symbol, of an un-free country in the story. Valerie explains in the middle of the story how they had been, free people, living a full and beautiful life, and how moving to America had changed all that. This becomes more apparent nearing the end of the story when Erasmus, the son, tells the story about how he would not give up that freedom which he believed in so much. In Things, the revelation of the theme of freedom is much more easier to understand than with The Shades of Spring. It is obvious through the in-depth analysis of the text that, there is a theme of freedom seen in both short stories by D. H. Lawrence. Even so this is the case, Lawrence depicts freedom in different ways in the two stories. In The Shades of Spring, the theme of freedom is defined as the freedom being able to go anywhere and make your own free choices. It is expressed through Lawrences intense detail to nature and other relevant surroundings. In Things we look at freedom in how to be free to live ones own life. In Things, Lawrence is trying to state that being free and being free to make your own decisions in life without someone else making them for you, is necessary if you wish to live a full and beautiful life, as Lawrence puts it. Not only do the stories differ in the way the theme of freedom is used, but also there is a rather big difference in the way the theme of freedom is represented in each of the texts. Each story follows a certain style of description, which Lawrence uses to portray his themes and ideas. In Things, Lawrence focuses more upon a family and their life, looking specifically at their ambitions and aims in life. In the other story, The Shades of Spring, Lawrence uses nature to illustrate and symbolize a sense of freedom within the text. Also what appears to be apparent is the detail that Lawrence uses symbols more often to describe his opinion about freedom in, The Shades of Spring, whereas in Things, his opinion is more clear right from the beginning of the story. Even though Lawrence uses different techniques to describe his theme on freedom, his opinion and his personal message to the reader appears to be the same. This message is that we should be thankful that we are free and able to do whatever we want and what is best for us, without someone having to make our minds up for us. In a simple context, he is trying to say that if we have freedom we can live a happy life. Lawrence must have had some personal motivation to include this theme in more than one story. We can also see this theme being used in other D. H Lawrence stories, another good example being The Horse Dealers Daughter. In this story the main theme being represented was that life controls us. This is connected to Freedom again, as we see in this story, Mabel, the main character, cant control her life, and we see a depressing life being formed at the start of the story, as a result of this. Lawrence is trying to tell people to turn this around, make yourself control your life, and be independent, because at the end of the day, it is freedom that makes us happy.

Pope Urban II Odo of Lagny

Pope Urban II Odo of Lagny Pope Urban II was known for beginning the Crusade Movement, instigating with his call to arms at the Council of Clermont. Urban also continued and expanded on the reforms of Gregory VII, and helped the papacy become a stronger political unit. Urban studied at Soissons and then at Reims, where he became archdeacon, before becoming a monk and retiring to Cluny. There he became prior, and after only a few years was sent to Rome to assist Pope Gregory VII in his attempts at reform. He proved invaluable to the pope, and was made a Cardinal and served as a papal legate. Upon Gregorys death in 1085 he served his successor, Victor II ​until Victor died. He was then elected pope in March 1088, and influenced affairs throughout France, Italy, Europe, and the Holy Land. Also known as:  Odo of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odon of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Eudes of Chà ¢tillon-sur-Marne, Odo of Lagery, Otho of Lagery, Odo of Lagny Important Dates Born: c. 1035Elected Pope: March 12, 1088Speech at Council of Clermont: Nov. 27, 1095Died: July 29, 1099 The Pontificate of Urban II As pope, Urban had to deal with the antipope Clement III and the ongoing Investiture Controversy. He was successful in asserting his legitimacy as pope, but his reform policies did not take thorough hold throughout Europe. He did, however, establish a softer stance on the Investiture Controversy that would later make a resolution possible. Long aware of the difficulties pilgrims had been having in the Holy Land, Urban used Emperor Alexius Comnenos call for help as the basis for calling Christian knights to arms in the First Crusade. Urban also called together several important church councils, including those at Piacenza, Clermont, Bari, and Rome, passing notable reform legislation. Sources Butler, Richard U.  Pope Bl. Urban II.  The Catholic Encyclopedia.  Vol. 15.  New York: Robert Appleton Company,  1912. Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Medieval Sourcebook: Urban II (1088-1099): Speech at Council of Clermont, 1095, Five Versions of the Speech.†Ã‚  Internet History Sourcebooks Project, Fordham University, Dec. 1997.

Biography of Eva Perón, First Lady of Argentina

Biography of Eva Perà ³n, First Lady of Argentina Eva Perà ³n (May 7, 1919–July 26, 1952) was the wife of Argentine President Juan Perà ³n and the First Lady of Argentina. Fondly known as Evita, she played a major role in her husbands administration. She is widely remembered for her efforts to help the poor and for her role in helping women win the right to vote. Fast Facts: Eva Perà ³n Known For: As the First Lady of Argentina, Eva became a hero of women and the working class.Also Known As: Marà ­a Eva Duarte, EvitaBorn: May 7, 1919 in Los Toldos, ArgentinaParents: Juan Duarte and Juana IbargurenDied: July 26, 1952 in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaSpouse: Juan Perà ³n (m. 1945-1952) Early Life Maria Eva Duarte was born in Los Toldos, Argentina, on May 7, 1919, to Juan Duarte and Juana Ibarguren, an unmarried couple. The youngest of five children, Eva (as she came to be known) had three older sisters and one older brother. Juan Duarte worked as the estate manager of a large, successful farm, and the family lived in a house on the main street of their small town. However, Juana and the children shared Juan Duartes income with his first family, a wife and three daughters who lived in the nearby town of Chivilcoy. Not long after Evas birth, the central government, which had previously been run by wealthy and corrupt landowners, came under the control of the Radical Party, made up of middle-class citizens who favored reform. Juan Duarte, who had benefited greatly from his friendships with those landowners, soon found himself without a job. He returned to his hometown of Chivilcoy to join his other family. When he left, Juan turned his back on Juana and their five children. Eva was not yet a year old. Juana and her children were forced to leave their home and move into a tiny house near the railroad tracks, where Juana made a meager living from sewing clothes for the townspeople. Eva and her siblings had few friends; they were ostracized because their illegitimacy was considered scandalous. In 1926, when Eva was 6 years old, her father was killed in a car accident. Juana and the children traveled to Chivilcoy for his funeral and were treated as outcasts by Juans first family. Dreams of Being a Star Juana moved her family to a larger town, Junin, in 1930, to seek more opportunities for her children. The older siblings found jobs and Eva and her sister enrolled in school. As a teenager, young Eva became fascinated with the world of movies; in particular, she loved American movie stars. Eva made it her mission to one day leave her small town and life of poverty and move to Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, to become a famous actress. Against her mothers wishes, Eva made the move to Buenos Aires in 1935 when she was only 15 years old. The actual details of her departure remain cloaked in mystery. In one version of the story, Eva traveled to the capital on a train with her mother, ostensibly to audition for a radio station. When Eva succeeded in finding a job in radio, her angry mother then returned to Junin without her. In the other version, Eva met a popular male singer in Junin and convinced him to take her with him to Buenos Aires. In either case, Evas move to Buenos Aires was permanent. She only returned to Junin for short visits to her family. Older brother Juan, who had already moved to the capital city, was charged with keeping an eye on his sister. Life in Buenos Aires Eva arrived in Buenos Aires at a time of great political change. The Radical Party had fallen out of power by 1935, replaced by a coalition of conservatives and wealthy landowners known as the Concordancia. This group removed reformists from government positions and gave jobs to their own friends and followers. Those who resisted or complained were often sent to prison. Poor people and the working class felt powerless against the wealthy minority. With few material possessions and little money, Eva found herself among the poor, but she never lost her determination to succeed. After her job at the radio station ended, she found work as an actress in a troupe that traveled to small towns throughout Argentina. Although she earned little, Eva made certain that she sent money to her mother and siblings. After gaining some acting experience on the road, Eva worked as a radio soap opera actress and even secured a few small film roles. In 1939, she and a business partner started their own business, the Company of the Theater of the Air, which produced radio soap operas and a series of biographies about famous women. By 1943, although she could not claim movie star status, 24-year-old Eva had become successful and fairly well-off. She lived in an apartment in an upscale neighborhood, having escaped the shame of her impoverished childhood. By sheer will and determination, Eva had made her adolescent dream something of a reality. Meeting Juan Perà ³n On January 15, 1944, a massive earthquake struck western Argentina, killing 6,000 people. Argentines across the country wanted to help their fellow countrymen. In Buenos Aires, the effort was led by 48-year-old Army Colonel Juan Domingo Perà ³n, the head of the nations labor department. Perà ³n asked Argentinas performers to use their fame to promote his cause. Actors, singers, and others (including Eva Duarte) walked the streets of Buenos Aires to collect money for earthquake victims. The fundraising effort culminated in a benefit held at a local stadium. There, on January 22, 1944, Eva met Colonel Juan Perà ³n. Perà ³n, a widower whose wife had died of cancer in 1938, was immediately drawn to her. The two became inseparable and very soon Eva proved herself Perà ³ns most ardent supporter. She used her position at the radio station to feature broadcasts that praised Perà ³n as a benevolent government figure. The Arrest of Juan Perà ³n Perà ³n enjoyed the support of many of the poor and those living in rural areas. Wealthy landowners, however, did not trust him and feared he wielded too much power. By 1945, Perà ³n had achieved the lofty positions of minister of war and vice president and was, in fact, more powerful than President Edelmiro Farrell. Several groups- including the Radical Party, the Communist Party, and conservative factions- opposed Perà ³n. They accused him of dictatorial behaviors, such as censorship of the media and brutality against university students during a peaceful demonstration. The final straw came when Perà ³n appointed a friend of Evas as secretary of communications, enraging those in government who believed Eva had become too involved in affairs of state. Perà ³n was forced by a group of army officers to resign on October 8, 1945, and taken into custody. President Farrell- under pressure from the military- ordered that Perà ³n be held on an island off the coast of Buenos Aires. Eva unsuccessfully appealed to a judge to have Perà ³n released. Perà ³n himself wrote a letter to the president demanding his release and the letter was leaked to newspapers. Members of the working class, Perà ³ns staunchest supporters, came together to protest Perà ³ns incarceration. On the morning of October 17, workers all over Buenos Aires refused to go to work. Shops, factories, and restaurants stayed closed, as employees took to the streets chanting Perà ³n! The protestors brought business to a grinding halt, forcing the government to release Perà ³n. Four days later, on October 21, 1945, 50-year-old Juan Perà ³n married 26-year-old Eva Duarte in a simple civil ceremony. President and First Lady Encouraged by the strong show of support, Perà ³n announced that he would run for president in the 1946 election. As the wife of a presidential candidate, Eva came under close scrutiny. Ashamed of her illegitimacy and childhood poverty, Eva was not always forthcoming with her answers when questioned by the press. Her secrecy contributed to her legacy: the white myth and the black myth of Eva Perà ³n. In the white myth, Eva was a saint-like, compassionate woman who helped the poor and disadvantaged. In the black myth, she was depicted as ruthless and ambitious, willing to do anything to advance her husbands career. Eva quit her radio job and joined her husband on the campaign trail. Perà ³n did not affiliate himself with a particular political party; instead, he formed a coalition of supporters from different parties, made up primarily of workers and union leaders. Perà ³n won the election and was sworn in on June 5, 1946. Evita Perà ³n inherited a country with a strong economy. Following World War II, many European nations, in dire financial circumstances, borrowed money from Argentina and some were forced to import wheat and beef from Argentina as well. Perà ³ns government profited from the arrangement, charging interest on the loans and fees on the exports from ranchers and farmers. Eva, who preferred to be called Evita (Little Eva) by the working class, embraced her role as the first lady. She installed members of her family in high government positions in areas such as the postal service, education, and customs. Eva visited workers and union leaders at factories, questioning them about their needs and inviting their suggestions. She also used these visits to give speeches in support of her husband. Eva Perà ³n saw herself as a dual persona; as Eva, she performed her ceremonial duties in the role of the first lady; as Evita, champion of the working class, she served her people face-to-face, working to fill their needs. She opened offices in the Ministry of Labor and sat at a desk, greeting working-class people in need of help. She used her position to get help for those who came in with urgent requests. If a mother could not find adequate medical care for her child, Eva saw to it that the child was taken care of. If a family lived in squalor, she arranged for better living quarters. European Tour Despite her good deeds, Eva Perà ³n had many critics. They accused her of overstepping boundaries and interfering in government affairs. This skepticism toward the first lady was reflected in negative reports about her in the press. In an effort to better control her image, Eva purchased her own newspaper, the Democracia. The newspaper gave heavy coverage to Eva, publishing favorable stories about her and printing glamorous photos of her attending galas. Newspaper sales soared. In June 1947, Eva traveled to Spain at the invitation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco. Argentina was the only nation that maintained a diplomatic relationship with Spain following World War II and had given financial aid to the struggling country. But Perà ³n would not consider making the trip, lest he be perceived as fascist; he did, however, allow his wife to go. It was Evas first trip on an airplane. Upon her arrival in Madrid, Eva was welcomed by more than three million people. After 15 days in Spain, Eva went on to tour Italy, Portugal, France, and Switzerland. After becoming well-known in Europe, Eva was also featured on the cover of Time magazine in July 1947. Perà ³n Is Reelected Perà ³ns policies became known as Perà ³nism, a system that promoted social justice and patriotism. The government took control of many businesses and industries, ostensibly to improve their production. Eva played a major role in helping to keep her husband in power. She spoke at large gatherings and on the radio, singing the praises of President Perà ³n and citing all of the things he had done to help the working class. Eva also rallied working women of Argentina after the Argentine Congress gave women the right to vote in 1947. She created the Perà ³nist Womens Party in 1949. The efforts of the newly formed party paid off for Perà ³n during the 1951 election. Nearly four million women voted for the first time, many for Perà ³n. But much had changed since Perà ³ns first election five years earlier. Perà ³n had become increasingly authoritarian, placing restrictions upon what the press could print, and firing- even imprisoning- those who opposed his policies. Foundation By early 1948, Eva was receiving thousands of letters a day from needy people requesting food, clothing, and other necessities. In order to manage so many requests, Eva knew she needed a more formalized organization. She created the Eva Perà ³n Foundation in July 1948 and acted as its sole leader and decision-maker. The foundation received donations from businesses, unions, and workers, but these donations were often coerced. People and organizations faced fines and even jail time if they did not contribute. Eva kept no written record of her expenditures, claiming that she was too busy giving the money away to the poor to stop and count it. Many people, having seen newspaper photos of Eva dressed in expensive dresses and jewels, suspected her of keeping some of the money for herself, but these charges could not be proven. Despite suspicions about Eva, the foundation did accomplish many important goals, awarding scholarships and building houses, schools, and hospitals. Death Eva worked tirelessly for her foundation and therefore was not surprised that she was feeling exhausted in early 1951. She also had aspirations to run for vice president alongside her husband in the upcoming November election. Eva attended a rally supporting her candidacy on August 22, 1951. The following day, she collapsed. For weeks thereafter, Eva suffered abdominal pain. She eventually agreed to exploratory surgery and was diagnosed with inoperable uterine cancer. Eva was forced to withdraw from the election. On election day in November, a ballot was brought to her hospital bed and Eva voted for the first time. Perà ³n won the election. Eva appeared only once more in public, very thin and obviously ill, at her husbands inaugural parade. Eva Perà ³n died on July 26, 1952, at the age of 33. Following the funeral, Juan Perà ³n had Evas body preserved and was planning to put it on display. However, Perà ³n was forced into exile when the army staged a coup in 1955. Amidst the chaos, Evas body disappeared. Not until 1970 was it learned that soldiers in the new government, fearing that Eva could remain a symbolic figure for the poor- even in death- had removed her body and buried her in Italy. Evas body was eventually returned and re-buried in her family’s crypt in Buenos Aires in 1976. Legacy Eva remains an enduring cultural icon in Argentina and Latin America, and in many places people still honor the anniversary of her death. Among some groups, she has attained an almost saint-like status. In 2012, her image was printed on 20 million Argentine 100-peso notes. Sources Barnes, John.  Evita First Lady: a Biography of Eva Perà ³n. Grove/Atlantic, 1996.Taylor, Julie. Eva Perà ³n: The Myths of a Woman. University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Money Making Trends for 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Money Making Trends for 2011 - Essay Example Money Making Trends for 2011 Internet marketing business is very easy and quite cheap to set up. All that one needs is a personal computer and ample and reliable internet. Individuals can set up internet marketing businesses by themselves or they can combine effort with their friends or family and set up a formidable enterprise. The Internet marketing environment is a highly competitive field, therefore innovation in the business is crucial. This means that the human resources required for any competitive online marketing business should have relevant skills. Some of the people needed in today’s internet marketing business include copywriters, technicians and business managers. Like any other business, the internet marketing business needs to market itself to prospective customers and clients. One of the most effective means of marketing such businesses is through the utilization of social networking sites. Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn are effective tools to use in order to reach a sizable number of people. The use of video networking is also gaining ground as a way of reaching out to prospective customers. Search engine optimization still remains an important aspect of advertising for internet marketing businesses (Bailey, 2011). ... The trend for 2011 in this business lies in the utilization of quality Electronic Medical Record software that can guarantee accurate work (Lange, 2011). Money Making Trends for 2011 The use of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) remains very popular in the medical billing business. The EMR technology has been upgraded in such a way that the workflow of clinicians is well streamlined and integrated with all the important aspects of revenue cycle and practice management. The type f business ownership required for medical billing is a home-based or even an office based sole proprietorship. The business is very easy to set up and one only needs to be constantly in touch with clinicians and other healthcare providers through the internet. A small medical billing business would not require much in terms of human resources. However, apart from the business owner, one or two assistants and a technician would make work easier and much more efficient. Medical billing is a specific niche business , it only attracts medical practitioners. As such the kind of marketing that would be most appropriate for medical billers is though search engine optimization especially in websites that contain medical related content (Lange, 2011). Virtual Assistant A virtual assistant is an independent contractor who offers remote administrative services for other businesses. Virtual businesses have taken over the place of traditional brick and mortar space as businesses seek way through which they can reduce fixed costs as well as overhead expenses. The proliferation of technology has meant that more businesses are now more than ever willing to launch their operations online and reach as many customers as possible. There is a wide pool of virtual expertise available. This

GPS And Its Use In Modern Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

GPS And Its Use In Modern Surveying - Essay Example President Reagan opened access to the GPS for the civilian aircraft navigational purposes for the first time in 1983 (Leick 5). GPS has immense application in modern surveying. GPS enables the surveyors to measure the points or features of any location across the globe from space. Data collected with the help of GPS can be used to provide information for navigation systems or to monitor the infrastructure projects. Surveyors commonly use the GPS to derive elevation with the help of sophisticated satellite receivers as an alternative to the traditional precise leveling. However, the accuracy of the former is lesser as compared to the latter, but when the traditional leveling has to be carried out over a long distance, the accuracies of both methods become similar. GPS helps reduce the time consumed in surveying. â€Å"Project surveys scheduled to take become an often take just a few days or hours with GPS† (Transportation Research Board). Modern surveying has benefited a lot fr om the use of GPS.

The need for the ACA to provide american family the ability to Essay

The need for the ACA to provide american family the ability to purchase affordable comprehensive healthcare insurance that includes abortion coverage - Essay Example ely to improve the coverage of the comprehensive healthcare insurance and thus expand the benefits and coverage subsidies for most American businesses and individuals. The ICA policy is likely to results into several market reforms that will see many Americans, who previously could not afford healthcare insurance, take advantage of the expanded Medi-cal and federal subsidiaries through covered California; a health benefit exchange that will increase benefits covered under the comprehensive healthcare insurance while lowering the costs of insurance. However, with increased enrollment, improved benefits and implied limitations on the sharing of costs, most Americans are going to experienced increase in costs and premiums paid while purchasing individual medical covers for themselves and their families. According to the Californian Association of Health Plans (1-4), the ICA provisions are likely to affect costs of insurance in a number of different ways. One, individuals will be forced to buy insurance polices that offer almost similar benefits like those offered by the employer and this is likely to cost more and attract more premiums. Two, according to the National Institute for Health Care Management(1), the ACA requires insurance healthcare plans to cover a higher percentage of medical costs, which is likely to increase the annual premiums. Three, ACA will increase the insured benefits, which will result into a proportionate increase in the insurance costs because of increase in average premiums charged. Four, ICA forces insurance companies to cover pre-existing conditions and prohibits them from exerting extra charges for poor health conditions; this is likely to force them to raise the healthcare premiums for the entire market in order to widen the common pool. Five, based on the Milliman client report (10), ACA provisions make it very impossible to lower premiums based on age of applicant; this implies that younger people will be charged higher premiums just

Western And Byzantine Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Western And Byzantine Civilizations - Essay Example The eastern part of the Roman Empire achieved greatness as the Byzantine civilization, which saw its days of glory during the rule of Justinian and Theodora. Eastern Orthodoxy was the dominant religious belief and a new imperial law was devised, which resulted in a unified imperial Government, unlike the fractured tribes of the Western civilization. The government was also centralized and under the rule of Justinian, art reached new heights since several new buildings and churches were built.  The first document dealing with this period is a piece written by the Christian priest Salvian, which compares the Romans and the Barbarians and finds that the barbarians have superior moral values. This document is titled â€Å"Of God’s Government† and is found in the book titled â€Å"Readings in European History† Vol 1 by James Harvey Robinson, published in 1904. The priest compares Roman customs to those of the barbarians and points out that the barbarians, despite th eir record of cruelty and sin, appear to demonstrate the values of love, kindness, and charity which the Romans ought to have. The Romans, on the contrary, persecute each other and the enormity of their sin is doubled because they are supposed to be civilized individuals. On this basis, the priest concludes that the moral framework of the barbarians may, in fact, be superior to the Romans.  The second document is written by the court historian and biographer Procopius. The article is titled â€Å"The character and innovations of Justinian and Theodora† and appears in the book titled â€Å"The secret history of Procopius† published in 1927 by Crown Publishers. In this article, Procopius presents a critical view of Justinian and Theodora. He points out the differences in the Roman manner of greeting where the dignity of high officials was preserved, while Justinian and Theodora demanded a more slavish form homage.

Company under Different Market Structures Assignment

Company under Different Market Structures - Assignment Example There are no barriers to entry for other firms to enter into the market. In the short run, the firms can change only the variable factor namely labor. The other decisions are predetermined (KrÄ Ãƒ ­lkovà ¡, n.d., p. 3). In the long run, the firms have the potential to change their scale. In the short run when the existing price is less than the average cost curve it is better for the firm to close down. In a situation of monopoly single firm exists in the market. The firm sells a unique product and there are no close substitutes. The firm has the power to set the price i.e. the firm is the price maker. Barriers to entry exist in the market of monopoly. There are many buyers and sellers in the monopolistically competitive market. The products of the market can be differentiated. Monopolistic competition along with oligopoly constitutes the structure of imperfect competition. Firms that are imperfectly competitive offer many products. The products are offered at administered prices. The price changes are costly and slow. The prime prediction of the theory of monopolistic competition is that firms will produce at the level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue in the short run. However, in the long run, the firms will operate at zero profit levels and the demand curve will be tangential to the average total cost curve (Solow, 1999, p. 9). A form of market where the industry is dominated by a small number of sellers is called oligopoly. Each oligopolist is aware of the market conditions as few sellers are present in the market. The decision of one firm can influence or are influenced by other firms. The responses of the participants of the market are taken into account in the strategic planning process by the oligopolists (Friedman, 1983, p. 6). Competition in the oligopolistic market can give rise to different outcomes. An oligopoly can maximize its profits by producing at the level where marginal revenue equals marginal costs.  

In the Mood for Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In the Mood for Love - Essay Example Chow suggests Su to try to imagine and act in roles what occurs between their spouses and their lovers, and soon the border between a game and reality starts blurring. Su suggests Chow to help him with the book about martial arts. At the same time, as Chow and Su become closer trying to convince each other that they do not have to end like their spouses. Their relationships remain platonic. Nevertheless, the end of the movie is sad, Chow passes his days in trips across the Southeast Asia, but shortly before the end of the movie he comes back to Hong Kong, to the place where he met Su only to realize that everything had passed already and would never repeat. After that he goes to Cambodia to stay there and to leave his secret love to Su there. This movie made a serious impression on me because it raises a number of important and complicated topics. The plot is built around the adultery of the main heroes` spouses but the director deliberately avoids judging others and tagging adultery as a sin. He tries to explore how love and affection appear between man and a woman and what sexual relationships bring to both of them. Having understood that their spouses cheat on him, Su and Chaw try avoiding their destiny and decide to stay â€Å"clean†. They want their love to be honest, however it seems that they are just afraid of taking actions. In this purity Chaw and Su see their difference: their spouses are cheaters and lovers, while they have love. Though the topic of adultery is rather unpleasant the director makes all possible to show it as a background paying attention to the main scene full of delicate talks and symbols. The title of the film is very accurate: the movie shows how love evolves in people without turning into real love. The main hero at some point falls in love with the heroine, and she falls in love with him, but they do not stay together. Perhaps, it will seem absurd but Kar-wai shows that this absurd is mundane in our

Company under Different Market Structures Assignment

Company under Different Market Structures - Assignment Example There are no barriers to entry for other firms to enter into the market. In the short run, the firms can change only the variable factor namely labor. The other decisions are predetermined (KrÄ Ãƒ ­lkovà ¡, n.d., p. 3). In the long run, the firms have the potential to change their scale. In the short run when the existing price is less than the average cost curve it is better for the firm to close down. In a situation of monopoly single firm exists in the market. The firm sells a unique product and there are no close substitutes. The firm has the power to set the price i.e. the firm is the price maker. Barriers to entry exist in the market of monopoly. There are many buyers and sellers in the monopolistically competitive market. The products of the market can be differentiated. Monopolistic competition along with oligopoly constitutes the structure of imperfect competition. Firms that are imperfectly competitive offer many products. The products are offered at administered prices. The price changes are costly and slow. The prime prediction of the theory of monopolistic competition is that firms will produce at the level where marginal cost equals marginal revenue in the short run. However, in the long run, the firms will operate at zero profit levels and the demand curve will be tangential to the average total cost curve (Solow, 1999, p. 9). A form of market where the industry is dominated by a small number of sellers is called oligopoly. Each oligopolist is aware of the market conditions as few sellers are present in the market. The decision of one firm can influence or are influenced by other firms. The responses of the participants of the market are taken into account in the strategic planning process by the oligopolists (Friedman, 1983, p. 6). Competition in the oligopolistic market can give rise to different outcomes. An oligopoly can maximize its profits by producing at the level where marginal revenue equals marginal costs.  

Ethics, Values, and Social Responsibility Research Proposal

Ethics, Values, and Social Responsibility - Research Proposal Example Fraudulent practices are common nowadays especially in the aspects where there is money involved. People have witnessed substantial cases particularly in accounting practices. There is a necessary accounting practice ethics because this consideration is giving a certain degree of credibility and integrity of the corporate world. Leaders are vulnerable to engage in corrupt practices just to optimize generation of profit for the benefit of their advantage and the company. As a result, not disclosing the exact amount for accounting purposes and tax declaration entices the leaders or the management to go for the safest way that may be in favor for their profit generation. Here where the common fraud exists, which may have prior approval of the management or the corporate leaders. On the other hand, the work at the corporate world without question may undeniably extend to one’s personal life. This is a common scenario by which employees were constantly tracked in their online via t heir social networking accounts by their leaders or managers. This at some point may be a violation of their privacy and freedom of expression considering that some thoughts or gestures they initiated on the social media may be taken against them within the context of the corporate discipline. Another important ethical issue facing the leaders and the corporate world is confined within the context both external and internal to marketing. Marketing is primarily about conveying of information, and for the sake of convincing the target market, the use of deceptive schemes has become a common action that clearly at some point will also have to undergo leader’s approval. Next to marketing, another common ethical issue involving the corporate world and leaders is about paying employees. Some corporate organizations with the sheer approval of their leaders decide to pay their employees a kind of compensation which might not eventually fall on the standard. This is for the sake of op timizing profit and such direction has to be initiated for the disadvantage of the employees by not paying them the exact or right amount for their given time and effort for the company. Finally, perhaps the oldest of its kind in the array of ethical issues facing the corporate world and leaders is the issue of discrimination triggered by race, ethnic, origin, gender and sexual orientation. This is still common to exist in some organizations today where leaders may have certain bias or prejudice against certain groups of people or organizations. As a result, they have to employ relevant company policies and most of them have to be strongly integrated with the hiring process. For them, it is the best way to fire people while they are not yet hired. These are just some of the common ethical issues one may potentially raise as taking place in the corporate arena and affecting its leader’s actual credibility and integrity to lead the entire team. Knowing which of these is particu larly taking the lead is the next point of the work at hand. Using the relevant related literature review concerning this issue will lead to the opportunity to rank these ethical concerns. Ranking the Ethical Issues Business leadership and corporate social responsibility have clearly become the common primary concern in the context of business ethics in the age of globalization (Pies, Beckmann & Hielscher, 2010; Selart & Johansen,

Constitution in USA Essay Example for Free

Constitution in USA Essay A constitution is either a written (codified) or unwritten (uncodified) body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed. Generally, a constitution is only written after a major event. In the case of America their constitution was written in 1787, after the American Revolutionary War came to a close. There are a number of issues with America’s constitution which make it, arguably, unfit for the 21st century. The most apparent issue with the constitution is the overall ambiguity that it’s based upon. Take for example the eighth amendment which forbids the federal government from imposing cruel or unusual punishments on American citizens. However, what’s classed as a cruel or unusual punishment? Many have argued that capital punishment can be seen as a cruel punishment, which has led to some states, such as Illinois, abolishing the death penalty altogether. Though, despite eighteen states abolishing the death penalty so far, there has been no move to amend the constitution to include the death penalty as an example of ‘cruel punishment’. Another example of an ambiguous amendment is the first amendment which protects the right to free speech as well as freedom of religion. However, how far this amendment applies has been questioned on numerous occasions. For example, Texas passed a law which prevented flag desecration (burning of the American flag), however the Supreme Court overturned the Texas law due to it violating citizen’s first amendment right as flag desecration is seen as an expression of belief, which the first amendment protects. This has led to numerous calls for flag desecration being outlawed via a constitutional amendment, however just like the eight amendment this would be incredibly hard to achieve. This is purely due to how difficult it is to amend the American constitution. The American constitution’s amendment process is long and difficult, which is mainly due to it requiring a supermajority. A supermajority is where 2/3rds of both houses of Congress have to agree to the amendment put forward. Even if either house falls short by one vote, the amendment is dropped. This process was made to be hard intentionally by the Founding Fathers. This was  because they believed that the constitution shouldn’t be constantly changing, and so they created the need for a supermajority to stop the federal government from making rash, in the moment, decisions which they could grow to regret later on. However, it is this founding belief that has made the constitution, arguably, untenable for the 21st century, which can be contributed to Congress’ explosive growth over the last 200 years. For example, in 1789 there were only 65 Representatives in the House of Representatives, which grew to 435 by 1963 and plateaued due to the House of Representative s being capped in 1911. This is an increase of 370 over a period of 174 years (meaning that there were two new Representatives every year). This continually increased the amount of people who had to work in unison to pass constitutional amendments, and as evidenced by the 1911 Act which capped the size of the House of Representatives, America grew far more than the Founding Fathers had originally intended. The constitution can also be seen as unfit for the 21st century due to an ever increasing political pace, as well as rapidly changing circumstances which have led to very different outcomes when compared to the British political system. This can mainly be seen with gun control which is protected in America by the second amendment (â€Å"Right to bear arms†) despite the amount of shootings which have occurred in recent times. An example of this would be the Sandy Hook shooting, which occurred on December 14th 2012 at an elementary school in Connecticut. This caused nationwide outrage which in turn caused support for disarmament groups to increase. However, after several months the support fell away and no constitutional amendments were put through, despite pledges and campaigns from Barrack Obama and Joe Biden. Now, when compared to England, there was a shooting spree in a Dunblane Primary School in 1996. Following national outrage, much alike that caused by Sandy Hook, guns were criminalised by an Act of Parliament, which was significantly easier to do as the UK does not have a written constitution, rather an unwritten one which is drawn from several sources. However, despite the faults with the American constitution, it must be fit for purpose if it still exists. This is because if it wasn’t fit for  purpose, and didn’t work at all, it would have been scraped by one of the American administrations after its conception. This is mainly aided by the argument that the constitution’s ambiguity is what allows it to adapt to changing circumstances as well as its ability to change without formal review. What is meant by this is the fact that the Supreme Court can uphold or repeal earlier decisions made in relation to the constitution, meaning that if the correct decisions were repealed the constitution could be drastically changed.

Essay --

Globalization is the tendency of businesses, technologies, or philosophies to spread throughout the world or the process of making it all happen. The global economy is known as a globularity every now and then. The advantages and disadvantages of globalization have been heavily examined and all of them vary. People who favor it say that it helps developing nations catch up to industrialized nations very quickly through increased employment and technological advances. On the opposite side people say that It makes nations sovereignty weak and allows the rich to ship domestic jobs overseas where labor is much cheaper. The quick spreading of McDonalds restaurants all over the world is a perfect example of globalization. The fact that they adapt their to suit local taste is an example of globalization. Mcdonalds has turned into the symbol of American social force and the embodiment of the Americanization of whatever is left of the planet. The message of globalized Mcdonalds is "If you con sume like us, you are set to be like us." When actually by consuming like Americans individuals far and wide are just being enlivened to look increasingly like American's as to corpulence. However yet, Mcdonald's, for example numerous American organizations, have persuaded themselves that notwithstanding its blemishes, American society is unrivaled and in this manner its impact is just gainful to other, "lesser" Glocalization is the concept that in a global market a product or service is more likely to succeed when it is done because of the locality or culture in which it is sold. The term is a combination of globalization and localization. The international fast food chain McDonalds uses glocalization by changing their menus to appeal to local place... ...nvergence of broad communications from bigger countries as a critical variable in contrarily influencing more diminutive countries, in which the national personality of more diminutive countries is decreased or lost because of media homogeneity characteristic in broad communications from the bigger nations. In connection to McDonald’s media, the plugs and publicizing push the staple "quick sustenance" method for living. On the other hand, for most societies, this is pushing a development far from a family arranged eating to singular feasting. While American society keeps tabs on consuming as a need, most different societies view feasting as a social experience with religion assuming a critical part in its practice. McDonald’s promoting's push of American society pushes independence and freedom upon societies that generally support congruity and family orientation.

Male Reactions to Female Power in Antigone Essay -- Literary Analysis

Western society has a long history of subjugating women to men. Some cite the idea that women are somehow weaker or inferior to men as a reason for the existence of this social dynamic. In Sophocles's Antigone and, Dürrenmatt's The Visit, however, the female leads show great strength and are even able to threaten the male leads with their power. Creon and Alfred Ill's disdainful and oppressive treatment of women stems not from the supposed inferiority of women, but from the theme that man is afraid to lose control. This theme is developed through particular events in the plot: the men begin in positions of power, which are then threatened by the women. Their amateur reactions to the powerful women cause them to lose more control until in the end, they have nothing. Their redemption comes not through defeating the women, but through accepting responsibility for their own actions. To begin with, Creon and Ill have power socially and politically. Creon is the King of Thebes and Ill is the â€Å"most popular personality† (Dürrenmatt 15) of Guellen. Sophocles and Dürrenmatt set the stage by implying that their current situation will last–– â€Å"the gods† (Sophocles 170) themselves appoint Creon as king and the people of Guellen unanimously â€Å"[agree] to nominate† (Dürrenmatt 15) Ill as the mayor's successor. Furthermore, foreshadowing of their actions towards Antigone and Claire appears as approval. The elders of Thebes assure Creon that he has power over the â€Å"living and the dead† (Sophocles 172), justifying his actions towards Polyneices's body and empowering his punishment of Antigone. Ill, on the other hand, represents Guellen's last chance for survival. â€Å"All depends† (Dürrenmatt 14) on Ill's ability to capitalize on his and Claire's ... ...no reason to continue mistreating Antigone and Claire. A series of events catalyzed by powerful women and ending with a tragic loss for the male leads of The Visit and Antigone reveals a reason for the mistreatment of women in western society. Dürrenmatt and Sophocles show that the oppression of women stems from man's fear of losing control. By identifying this fear, the authors underscore the importance of treating women as equals, as the decision of the male leads to blame the women rather than to accept responsibility for their actions is what causes their downfall. Works Cited Dürrenmatt, Friedrich. The Visit: a Tragi-comedy. Trans. Patrick Bowles. New York: Grove, 1982. Sophocles. The Oedipus Plays of Sophocles; Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone. Trans. Paul Roche. New York: New American Library, 1958.

International marketing management Essay

‘Self- Reference Criterion’ 1. Define problem or goals in terms of home-country cultural traits, habits and norms 2. Define problem or goals in terms of foreign cultural traits, habits and norms 3. Isolate the SRC influence in the problem and examine it carefully to see how complicates the problem 4. Redefine the problem without the SRC influence and solve for the foreign market Self-reference criterion (SRC) as an unconscious reference to ones own cultural values, experiences and knowledge as a basis for decisions. The SRC impedes the ability to assess a foreign market in its true light. For example, Americans may perceive more traditional societies to be â€Å"backward† and â€Å"unmotivated† because they fail to adopt new technologies or social customs, seeking instead to preserve traditional values. In the 1960s, a supposedly well read American psychology professor referred to India’s culture of â€Å"sick† because, despite severe food shortages, the Hindu religion did not allow the eating of cows. The psychologist expressed disgust that the cows were allowed to roam free in villages, although it turns out that they provided valuable functions by offering milk and fertilizing fields. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one’s culture to be superior to others. The important thing here is to consider how these biases may come in the way in dealing with members of other cultures. Self-reference criterion importance to a marketing firm planning to enter international markets for the first time. Importance of Self-reference criterion as a topic of research Self-reference is a topic whose theoretical foundations have so far primarily been studied in the context of logic, the philosophy of language, systems theory, and post-modern culture. In computer science it has been a topic in the context of the recursively of Turing machines. In semiotics, there have been only few studies which have dealt explicitly with this topic, although marginal reflections on self reference can occasionally be found in the context of the theory of reference. Levels and degrees of self-reference criterion: Examples from advertising Just as signs may self-referentially refer to the world of signs, the media may refer to the world of the media in a self-referential manner. Citations, intertextuality, intermediality, met textual references, repetitions, recursions, and references to the communicative situation are some of the symptoms of self-reference in the media. Various degrees of self-reference must be distinguished, from the sign that refers to nothing but itself to the sign that refers only partially to itself and partially still to something else. Furthermore, self reference occurs at different levels of the message in which it occurs. Beginning with the smallest elements of the message, the first three levels of self-reference are derived from Peirce’s trichotomy of the interpret ant: 34 rheumatic (equivalent to the unit of a word), dicentic (equivalent to a proposition), and argumentative self-reference. In extension of this Peircean triad, textual, intertextual, intermedial and communicative self-reference will be distinguished. Communicative self-reference criterion Communicative self-reference pertains to pragmatics, the situation of text production and reception. The roles of the readers or the spectators and the enunciative roles of the authors, the producers, the actors or the players become the topic of the message. Instead of presenting or representing ideas or events in the world beyond the message, the text deals with its own communicative context, its communicative function, and its presuppositions. The text has thus its own pragmatic dimension as its topic. For example, the audience of a film is reminded of the fact that it is participating in the film while sitting in the film theatre. 38 Peter Greeanway’s actors that step out of their role as actors and mingle with the audience, or Alfred Hitchcock, who steps out of the role of a film producer to become an actor are further examples of communicative self-reference. B) International marketer must have knowledge of sub cultural groups Introduction Culture is concerned with social behaviour and attitudes, and this paper aims to highlight its significance for entry into foreign markets. Culture has been defined as â€Å"the integrated sum total of learned behaviour traits that are manifest and shared by members of a society†. Cultural factors have been itemized in the existing literature, but clearly among the most important are: customer beliefs and attitudes; morality, ethics and religion; social and consumption values; language and literature; social systems and social behaviour (especially the family); historical background; arts and aesthetics. Two authoritative studies have identified concepts of culture both as barriers to entry and as dynamic movers (Herkovits, 1970, Clutterbuck 1980). Furthermore, insufficient research attention has focused on defining more conceptual approaches to the internationalization of retailing and there is an even greater paucity of research into strategies for retailer entry modes; this is the main justification for this paper. In researching their approach to overseas markets, retailers must consider that culture can have an impact on their merchandising and promotion. The culture in which a person lives affects his/her consumption patterns and also the meaning that is attached to specific products. When promoting merchandise in a new culture, it is easier initially to appeal to existing culture requirements or expectations than to try to change them. Merchandising and promotion must be sensitive to the basic values of the country and the differences in patterns of consumption. Case Example (1) Entry into the Swiss Market In Switzerland, foreign dishwasher manufacturers and retailers expected the same rapid sales they had first obtained in other West European markets; but sales in Switzerland were so slow that research had to be done to find out why (this research should, of course, should have been done before, not after, market entry). The research showed that the Swiss housewife had a different set of values to, for example, her French and English counterparts; she was very conscious of her role as strict and hardworking, and her responsibility for the health of her family. To the Swiss housewife dishwashers simply made life easy, and this conflicted with her Calvinistic work ethic. As a result of this research, dishwasher manufacturers had to change their advertising – promoting, instead of ease-and convenience, hygiene-and-health. They did this by emphasizing that because dishwashers used temperatures higher than hand hot the process was more hygienic than washing up by hand. Thereafter retailers had no problem selling automatic dishwashers in Switzerland. Source: Author Cultures across countries High context culture – the meaning of individual behaviour and speech changes depending on the situation – nonverbal messages are full of important meaning (Read between the lines) – e. g. Saudi Arabia and Japan, written contracts are not always enforceable as new people move into executive positions (Chile, Mexico) Low context culture – intentions are expressed verbally – the situation does not change the meaning of words – e. g. India, China, Australia, New Zealand Cultural Assessment International retailers need to communicate meaning through the transmission of messages to people of different cultures if they are to succeed in the promotion of their products to enter foreign markets. Misunderstandings caused by cultural differences can seriously damage the image of a firm or product; therefore, in order to ensure the message transmitted is received in its correct form, the retailer needs to be completely aware of the implications of all the elements of the message in the foreign culture. Failure on behalf of the retailer to adapt to the intricacies of national customs and develop a rapport will lead to inadequate market entry strategies. Accurate communications are so vital that any risk of cultural misunderstanding needs to be eliminated. Firms must identify key management positions and insist that they are held, whenever possible, by someone of the same culture. Many firms make the mistake of putting nationals from the parent companies in charge of key positions within their foreign subsidiaries, often on the basis that fluency in the language is sufficient. In attempting to understand the most significant elements of the foreign culture, companies have to be vigilant and ensure a balance is maintained. There is no one method to adopt in the evaluation of other cultures for retailing purposes as the nature of the goods being offered should govern the method of assessment. The retailer must be sufficiently perceptive and guard against the over-exaggeration of the differences or the similarities between the foreign culture and its own. For example, in analyzing the United States market, a UK retailer may overemphasize a perceived common culture stemming from the common language and close political and economic relations. â€Å"A common language cannot indefinitely set the seal on a common culture when the geographical, political and economic determinants of the culture are no longer the same throughout its area. † The withdrawal of Marks and Spencer from the Canadian market in 1999 is a case in point; their precept was that the aforementioned â€Å"perceived† cultural affinity would facilitate acceptance of the St Michael brand name; in short the common language or heritage does not guarantee a common culture. A further complication in determining the important facets of a country’s culture is the existence of more than one culture or sub-culture within many nations world-wide. Table 1 lists a few states with cultural differences based along linguistic groupings and the problems these present to the international retailer. A cultural assessment will reveal a modal pattern, but a truly useful evaluation will also expose considerable variations within a group or a subset group. In fact, for some cultural characteristics, there may be a wider range within a given society than between societies. For example, young professional 25-30 year olds in Spain, France and Italy may have more in common, in terms of values, tastes and aspirations, than with their non-professional compatriots of the same age group. A cultural evaluation can be either static or dynamic. A static assessment serves only to identify the differences in variables between cultures, whereas a dynamic appraisal seeks to indicate which variables will change in the future, in what order and with what speed. For the international retailer, the identification of which changes would be readily accepted or rejected can mean the difference between success or failure. The analysis of a culture to ascertain the peculiarities of the population can be extremely expensive, time-consuming and unwieldy. Therefore, having conducted a rapid survey of key cultural elements of a nation, the international retailer with limited resources may choose to carry out a Partial Cultural Assessment which focuses on key elements fundamental to the success of its operations in any country. Table 2 shows several cultural factors, which could frustrate the progress of the operations in the event of a retailer failing to obtain accurate data from the assessment of the foreign markets; if a single element is incorrectly assessed, the effectiveness of the strategies will be diminished.

Impact

From its beginnings in the late 19th century when Atlanta was building its commercial and economic base, The Coca-Cola Company has served as a catalyst for progress. Over the years the company has made significant civic and financial contributions that have, in turn, supported and strengthened the city that Atlanta has become. The company’s presence can be felt all across the city – through its universities, civic and nonprofit institutions, and its public spaces. Giving back locally has long been a company priority, and that tradition of community support continues today at Pemberton Place.Named for Dr. John S. Pemberton, the pharmacist who invented Coca-Cola ® in Atlanta in 1886, the 20-acre complex is currently home to the Georgia Aquarium and the NEW World of Coca-Cola ® (opening May 2007). †¢ Land Grants: The Coca-Cola Company donated nine acres to the Georgia Aquarium and 2. 5 acres to the City of Atlanta for construction of a human rights center. †¢ Green Space for Atlanta: The land between the New World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Aquarium adds five acres of green space to downtown Atlanta. The Impact:* The combined estimated economic impact of the Georgia Aquarium and the New World of Coca-Cola is more than $105 million per year for Atlanta. †¢ Jobs: The two attractions will create more than 2,700 direct and induced permanent jobs. †¢ Visitation: One million people are expected to visit the New World of Coca-Cola annually. †¢ 19 percent of the attraction’s visitors are expected to come from overseas. †¢ Estimates indicate that 44 percent of out-of-town visitors to Pemberton Place will stay over night in local hotels resulting in more than $1 million in tax revenue per year.Key Milestones: Coca-Cola and Atlanta Impact The company’s long history of community support includes: †¢ Asa Candler, a company founder, donated $1 million to help defray the costs of establishing Emory University. â₠¬ ¢ Robert Woodruff, president of The Coca-Cola Company for 60 years, led the effort to secure the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) headquarters. The CDC’s annual economic impact in Georgia is $2. 5 million. †¢ Brothers Robert and George Woodruff donated approximately $105 million to Emory University in 1979, which at that time was the largest single gift to an educational institution in the ation’s history. †¢ Centennial Olympic Park received a gift of $33 million from The Coca-Cola Company (nearly half of the park’s total cost). †¢ The Coca-Cola Company contributed $10 million to support the construction of a new Symphony Hall. †¢ The company contributed $1 million (including in-kind support) to the Brand Atlanta Campaign. †¢ The company sold the building for the current World of Coca-Cola to the State of Georgia for a fraction of its appraised value. Along with many of its local bottlers, The Coca-Cola Company makes a significant impact on communities in each country where it operates.Estimates indicate that for every job within The Coca-Cola Company system, 10 additional jobs are created locally. In addition, the company devotes resources to a number of community-based initiatives around the world, including: Did you Know? Around the World: The Coca-Cola Company Citizenship Highlights †¢ Vietnam: Launched the Coca-Cola Pushcart Project, which has provided pushcarts, initial product and sales training for more than 4,000 disadvantaged Vietnamese women since 2002. Kenya: Partnered with CARE to bring wells and water storage facilities to 45 schools in western Kenya.†¢ Land Grants: The Coca-Cola Company donated nine acres to the Georgia Aquarium and 2. 5 acres to the City of Atlanta for construction of a human rights center. †¢ Green Space for Atlanta: The land between the New World of Coca-Cola and Georgia Aquarium adds five acres of green space to downtown Atlanta. †¢ The Impac t:* The combined estimated economic impact of the Georgia Aquarium and the New World of Coca-Cola is more than $105 million per year for Atlanta. Jobs: The two attractions will create more than 2,700 direct and induced permanent jobs. †¢ Visitation: One million people are expected to visit the New World of Coca-Cola annually. †¢ 19 percent of the attraction’s visitors are expected to come from overseas. †¢ Estimates indicate that 44 percent of out-of-town visitors to Pemberton Place will stay over night in local hotels resulting in more than $1 million in tax revenue per year.Key Milestones: Coca-Cola and Atlanta Impact The company’s long history of community support includes: Asa Candler, a company founder, donated $1 million to help defray the costs of establishing Emory University. †¢ Robert Woodruff, president of The Coca-Cola Company for 60 years, led the effort to secure the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) headquarters. The CD C’s annual economic impact in Georgia is $2. 5 million. †¢ Brothers Robert and George Woodruff donated approximately $105 million to Emory University in 1979, which at that time was the largest single gift to an educational institution in the nation’s history. Centennial Olympic Park received a gift of $33 million from The Coca-Cola Company (nearly half of the park’s total cost). †¢ The Coca-Cola Company contributed $10 million to support the construction of a new Symphony Hall. †¢ The company contributed $1 million (including in-kind support) to the Brand Atlanta Campaign. †¢ The company sold the building for the current World of Coca-Cola to the State of Georgia for a fraction of its appraised value. Along with many of its local bottlers, The Coca-Cola Company makes a significant impact on communities in each country where it operates.Estimates indicate that for every job within The Coca-Cola Company system, 10 additional jobs are created l ocally. In addition, the company devotes resources to a number of community-based initiatives around the world, including: Did you Know? Around the World: The Coca-Cola Company Citizenship Highlights †¢ Vietnam: Launched the Coca-Cola Pushcart Project, which has provided pushcarts, initial product and sales training for more than 4,000 disadvantaged Vietnamese women since 2002. †¢ Kenya: Partnered with CARE to bring wells and water storage facilities to 45 schools in western Kenya.