What Really Makes Factories Flexible

Introduction In this literature, What really inquires factories waxy? the author brought out the topic for pulverization malleableness, which de amercements as a point of intersectionionfacilityorganizedtorespond to customer orders quickly in order to provideafulland varied turn tailofoperationsorservices, across manyproduct lines with very shortchange all over times and may introduce naked products of similar range fairly easy. For example, more or less modernautomobile coifsare designed asflexiblefactories to build various models.Having acknowledged the importance of tractableness, how would manufacturing managers in a broad array of industries find pathways to rectify the process? What are the difficulties of defining flexibility of a plant and how do they tone flexibility in terms of plant productivity? What measurements are inevitable to show improvement of the process? The author performed a research in a study of sixty- ane factories in North America that m anufacture fine radical to find out the answer.Define the problem Unlike most other industries in which divers(prenominal) plants make different products, the paper industrys products are more comparable across plants since paper are liftd by very similar process. There are a few characteristics for the paper industries to be the right open firedidate. In paper industry, the qualities of products by grades are straightforward numbers which can be able to be thrifty by the author.These numbers enabled the author to develop both the range of paper a plant could produce and how much time it needed for a plant to switch from making one kind of paper to making another. By using these numbers the author was be able to define the operational flexibility for manufacturing plants needed to measure and find the ways to improve the processes. Defining the problem is the first thing needed by each manager. What is flexibility? Managers are having hard times to define as the term may mean very different for different people.At plant direct, it is about the top executive to change over or adapt new dodging, however, specifying and characterizing this ability is not an easy task. As one manager may talk about the flexibility to produce the types of production from up and down depending on what the market needfully another manager may talks about the flexibility to change over from making one type of paper to another with less time and money. In the authors point of view, flexibility should be show in determining by its competitive environment.The measurement of flexibility can be based on a) product range in different things as a plant can have the ability to produce a small number of products that are very different from one another b) mobility for a plant to change over from making one product to another and c) uniformity of performance as a flexible plant can perform comparably well to make any product within a specified range. Once managers have defined the di fferent kinds of flexibility they are assay to develop, another set of issues had come up as how to measure the flexibility and improvement of flexibility.Also it is ofttimes un garner in which general features of a plant must be changed in order to make its operations flexible. The depth and wisdom of carry out managers have to be carefully assessing their strategies to define what kind of flexibility they are looking for before embarking on a flexibility program, or otherwise the resolvents can be disastrous. Implication and analytic thinking to pick out best alternatives By collecting production selective information, the author was able to measure the breadth of paper grades that each plant was capable of producing and the changeover time that each plant needful to switch between grades.There were additional measurements of flexibility such as workforce by length of service, the level of com siter integration (CIM), the change and break frequency, etc. Each plant may str ess in a whole range of factors from different quality and types of flexibility based on the managers, so end up there are large differences across plants. One major issue cover in this literature is that the degree of computer integration (CIM) does not really help on plant flexibility by increasing range of products produced or improving change over time level though large money was invested in it.Managers often have difficulty justifying CIM projects on the basis of represent savings or quality improvements therefore justify them on basis of improved flexibility CIM give provide. In this case, only the engineers or a few trained employees understand how the system works most of the plant operators are not trained to operate which create problems. Operators instead decide to perform manual-change over, which in a surprising findings the best manual change system operate much faster than computer.This result shows the serious problem from operators as they have no interest to ad apt the change to operate CIM. It pee-pee hard on the managers with thoughts being reluctant that they are doing something right, but actually they are wrong. Implement finding to change the system For successful manager to figure out the issues of CIM before implementing it in a plant, they should canvass building up skills for their operators. As the author denoted, Plants become more flexible when managers stress to workers the importance of flexibility. For example, a plant that wants to excel at customizing products will need to develop the capabilities to carry out large range of jobs in the plant. Managers then need to determine what type of workforce or equipment (ex CIM) needs to enhance flexibility. by and by that managers need to figure out different ways to measure the type of flexibility sought and accent the importance of the measures to the employees. Trainings should be added in the process to build up experienced workforce and eventually to inspect improvement in flexibility.For example, continuous learning problem such as operational excellence may help caution team in different level to control and nurse a flexible manufacturing plant. Evaluate the outcome By integrating the appropriate steps to a) defining the problem of flexibility, b) implication and analysis to select best alternatives and c) implement decision to change the system, the next step is to evaluate the outcome to render if there is any improvement or if not, further alterations will need to be made. Outcomes that need to be evaluated are not limited to employee training in different level.Employees training based on experience are critical for a manufacturing plant to increase flexibility. More experience workers are not will to adapting the new systems such as CIM comparing to less experience workers who are more willing to change. ratiocination A good manufacturing management team designs what is best way for its plant to run, and plants that are flexible in term s of mobility (in terms of change over time) and range (in terms of various productivity) tended to have a clear measures of what flexibility should be developed.Managers have to decide what benefits the plant, how the plant operate, what kind of flexibility they are looking for, select the right decision making tools such as CIM, training for the employees based on different levels of experience, analyzing the data and provide surveys for customers. Managers should provide people the support needed in order to achieve the goal for dismount the cost, decreasing change over time, increasing throughput and eventually make more money.Manager should never put too much faith in depending on CIM to complete the tasks in ease. CIM provides critical advantages to improve factory flexibility only if it can be implemented in the right way to fit the system. CIM more often than not needs experienced operators to control so trainings are critical for employees in different level. CIM could on ly be one of the alternative tools for managers to use. The flexibility of a plant depends much more on people (manager, field-supervisors, engineers and operators) than on any technical factor (automation, CIM).Managers should never only embraced in CIM as the solution to the growing need to forge new capabilities, instead managers should put more faith in the day to day management of people. Extended Research I read two other articles which were written within the last trinity years. It is obvious that both articles talk about how computer integration both software and hardware can help to improve process flow and flexibility of a plant. This is because a more mature CIM system has been established through studies from field experts and universities.In general, employees nowadays understand that continuous learning is the keys to maintain scrap in the job market. This doesnt mean that managers job are easier to do, but flexibilities in all level from a plant, a team, or just ind ividual are critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Reference 1. Manufacturing Flexibility Synchronizing the Shop Floor and Supply Chain by Aberdeen Group 2. Improving Plant Performance and Flexibility in Batch Process Manufacturing With an Example from the feed and Beverage Industry by Filippo Focacci

Jawahar Lal Chaudhry

Sunita JawaharLal Chaudhry&Associates are in practice since 1998.the firm was started by CA Sunita Juneja and her father Mr. Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who is an pleader of income tax de subtractment. At first they started their office in their house barely now they have their main office in Krishna market, rajpura.CA Sunita Juneja is in practice since 1998.she joined her father Mr.Jawahar Lal Chaudhry who was an advocate and now these both are running the firm fomore than 18 years. As we know that Partners are the founders of the firms and the hear are associated to them only they are the main parties who issues or signs any report and every last(predicate) the inquiry is do by them in our firm. In our firm Mrs Sunita Juneja and Mr. Jawaharlal Chaudhary are the two partners who started the firm.The firm represents the combination of specialized skills, which offers audio frequency financial advice and proper services. They have the skinny customer relation and all the work is been completed by them on time. Thither is proper management for handling of the work and proper managing because of which no confusion is creation created. There is proper infrastructure and various departments for proper handling of the work.Both the partners of the firm have the good experience and as a result there is goodwill of them in the market. All the work carried here is according to the rules and regulations which are passed by the government .They audit various good firms in Rajpura .Some of them are alcon cables, aneja plyboard etc.1.2 About the projectStudy of sexual auditing as a tool for companies performance was completely a sassy project idea which I got through the Chitkara University.As we all know auditing is the most important part of the society as it maintains the system of the internal control to attain the objectives and moreover for the smooth running of the company auditing is necessary.Internal audit is a consultant activity which designs to add some va lue in the musical arrangement. Basically internal auditing is the integral part in the companies.They provide various services to the companies like prevention of the fraud. As we all know that many frauds are taking place for example like misuse of company book of facts cards etc. So internal auditing keeps the check on the financial resources so that there is no misuse of the company resources.It is also helps to monitor the internal controls by designing the proper credit indemnity so that there is no bad debt.Internal audit also consists of the operational audit which meat that to look that whether the organization is operating at maximum efficiency or not For the proper operative of the organization and for the sound financial system there should be proper check on the organization which can be done through internal auditing.2.2) Report on internship2.1) About the firmI did my internship under chartered accountant Sunita Jawaharlal Chaudhary and associates in rajpura.All of my fellow worker were cooperative and were ready to help apiece other. There was proper management structure. The infrastructure of the firm was also quite good. There was proper operative of computers and equipments were used according to the latest technology.By working under the chartered accountant firm not only gives us additional knowledge but also helped me to apply my academic knowledge into the practicable world. It is one of the reputed firm in the rajpura and also audit good firms in rajpura.

Dennis Gioia “The Ford Pinto Fire” Essay

In 1968, cross repulse friendship made plans for a car that would be inexpensive, small, and appeal to all car buyers. The planned project was to oppose the 2000/2000 rule, meaning that the Pinto could weigh no more than 2,000 pounds, and cost no more than $2,000. This rule was instituted because of the extreme competitor from foreign car makers such as Toyota and all of the automotive companies at the time. However, the 2000/2000 rule left designers with hold ability to design a car the way it should be designed. The Pinto was brought into proceeds faster than whatever different car had ever been produced twenty five months from the inception of the idea of the Pinto to production when the industry average at the time was forty-three months. The engineers had to cut corners in the design and were rushed building the Pinto, which later resulted in m all an(prenominal) mistakes that were oerlooked. The first Pinto was put on the foodstuff in 1971.The Pintos problems origina ted with limitment of the assail tank. It was customary to place the gas tank between the commode axle and the bumper to give the vehicle more truck space. However, on the Pinto the gas tank was only nine inches away from the rear axle and on the rear axles sell case were bolts that stuck emerge facing the rear bumper of the vehicle. When the Pinto was rear ended, the gas tank would be forced up to the rear axle, and the transfer case bolts would puncture the gas tank. Also the fuel filler pipe was poorly designed and could considerably become detached in a rear end collision, causing gasoline to spill over the ground. This was the cause of the numerous large fires and the gas tank tendency to explode. Explosions of the gas tank occurred at any collision at or above thirty one miles per hour. The doors on the Pinto would tend to jam omit when rear ended at high speeds, causing victims to burn alive if not killed on impact. cod to the serious defects and the numerous deaths t ouch with the Pinto, there were many law suits against track Motor Company. Dennis Gioia, an engineer and MBA graduate, was involved in the decision not to recall the vehicles. Ford came up with a personify Benefit analysis. The benefits accounted for clxxx burn deaths prevented,180 serious burn injuries prevented, 2,100 burned vehicles prevented. If those number are multiplied by $200,000 per death, $67,000 per injury, and $700 per vehicle, the nett benefit to society, or amount of money Ford would take a leak to pay if they did not recall any of the their vehicles, was $49.5 million. Compared to the cost to recall 11 million cars and1.5 million light trucks, at $11 per vehicle would suitable $137 million on recalls. Ford believed they were justified in not recalling the cars due to the amount they would spend on recalls far out-weighed the amount they would spend to compensate customers for death, injury or harmed cars.ANALYSIS OF GIOIAS DECISIONFord eventually agreed to rec all the Pinto on June 10, 1978. They sent out the recall notices on August 22, 1978. Ford originally gave four reasons why they did not want to recall the Pinto1) Ford had based an earlier advertise campaign around safety, which failed. 2) The bad publicity involved with a recall would be too more negative publicity to overcome. 3) At the time of the product designs and crash tests, the law did not require them to design the fuel system. 4) It was customary in the automotive industry to place the gas tank between the rear axle and bumper. We will evaluate Gioias earlier decision to choose not to recall the vehicles based on the reasons noted above. Dennis Gioia had started as an advocate for gay rights and protection, prior to his appointment to the position at Ford Motor Company. He was aware of the design defects with the Pinto, however, he succumbed to the corporate rhetoric of buyer risk and consumer shoot as keen for the decision to keep the Pinto on the market.Generaliza tion tryGeneralization theory A rational choice must be generalizable , the reason for a certain action should be consistent with the presumption that everyone who has the same reasons will act the same way. The decision to keep the Pinto on the market passed the generalizations test1. The Cost Analysis used was acceptable in the production market2. The vehicle met applicable safety laws at the time of production3. The placement of the gas tank was in compliance with car production standards4. Consumer demand for the vehicles increased profits5. The recall would reduce profits and negatively impact the company .Utilization TestThe decision also passed the utilization TestUtilitarian theory We all have some last-ditch end that is called utility. An action is ethical only if no other available action creates greater tot utility.1. A greater number of consumers were happy with the vehicle than were injured or killed2, Recalling the cars would create more monetary loss than keepi ng them on the market with the defects3. The cost to make the cars safer would have increased the cost of production and not meet the 2000/2000 concept mandated by the corporate leaders4. The delay in production would have deceased the companys ability to compete in the small car market and change magnitude profits,Value TestValue ethics theory sexual abstention is a part of our essence and aid describe who we are The decision not to recall the Pinto failed the look upon test.1. A rational person with virtue and concern for human rights would not place a arbitrary price on the value of human life as opposed to profits.2. Although a corporation is not a person it is an entity that relys of the people to value and purchase the products or services it provides3. The decision to put an obviously flawed vehicle on the market and justify it by placing the responsibility on the consumer to accept the risk is irresponsible and reprehensible for any entity to hire as a marketing strate gy.4. There is no virtue in a corporation or its management, that would routinely select profit over human safety and death, when they know it can be rectified.

One of them 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

One of them 4 - Essay spokespersonThis paper shall look at the different ways in which the internet has affected the lives of deal at the level of the individual and larger collectives like the nation.Many thinkers atomic number 18 of the opinion that the influence of the internet on slew who are rich enough to afford it is so immense that in the years to come, it would raise the gulf between those who have it and those who dont (Hermeking). Apart from increasing the distance between the haves and the have-nots, it has as well redefined what it means to be a have in an ever-changing society. To take the case of how people deteriorate their money on shopping, a lot of the shopping for clothes, electronic goods and books is done on the internet at this point of time. There are an immense number of websites that offer goods to be bought online. This has changed the culture of the supermarket and the department reposition in a massive way. These sites for socialization have under gone changes as far as their social roles are concerned. This argument may be refuted by the claim that most of the perishable items that are consumed by people are still bought in stores that people physically go to. This still, however, means a reduction in the spaces that are available for the socialization of people.This brings one to a discussion of the virtuality of the internet space. Beginning from internet chatrooms to online date and social networking sites, the space of the internet has changed to that of a virtual one where people meet and talk without existence themselves or otherwise. They do not, however, meet each other physically and the contact remains at a virtual level. This has been the subject of many a study and people have often referred to how this has reduced substantial human contact in todays world. This has led to changes in the way in which people approach relationships and human emotions. Shawn P. Wilbur has talked about this phenomenon and

Healthcare Outreach and Its Economic Effect Dissertation

Health trouble Outreach and Its Economic Effect - Dissertation vitrineHospital Outreach Program An Expense or tax revenue 25 2.8. An Expense 26 2.9. Outreach Program Revenue Generating 30 Summary 39 Chapter III 41 Methodology 41 3.2. Research Questions 44 3.3. respectable Considerations 45 3.4. Role of the Researcher 46 3.5. Methodology Framework 48 3.5.1. Selection of Documents 48 3.5.2. race and Sample 49 3.6. Data Collection Procedures 50 3.7. Data Analysis 51 3.8. Validity and reliability 51 Summary 53 Chapter 4 Findings 53 4.0. Introduction 54 4.1. Findings 55 Chapter 5 Discussions 64 5.0. Introduction 64 5.1. Discussions 65 5.1.1. The New Framework 65 5.1.2. The Deconstructed Nature of Outreach 67 5.1.3. The Reduced cost 68 5.1.4. Outreach, Hospitals and Saudi Arabia Health Care System 69 Summary 72 Chapter 6 end point 73 6.0. Summary 73 6.1. Recommendation 75 6.2. Conclusion 76 6.3. Limitations and Difficulties 77 6.4. Future Studies 78 References 79 Table Table 1 P 26 Table 2 p54 Table 3 p58 Figures Fig. 1 p 25 Fig. 2 p 36 Fig. 3 p55 Fig. 4 p56 Fig. 5 p57 Fig. 6 p60 Fig. 7 p61 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0. Introduction World Health Organization (2000) has defined wellness care system to be promoting maintaining and restoring health of the people. Although the definition provides a very broad understanding, context and scope, it has become on e of the primary motivators for authentic change in the health care system (Leng & Barraclough, 2007). ... Saudi Arabia is intimately a young nation, founded on 1932 (Baranowski, 2009). However, despite this fact, Saudi Arabia has provided its people super and universal coverage in their heath care access and services. Saudi Arabia has been categorized by WHO as belonging to upper shopping centre class category (2006). In this regard, it becomes undeniable that the country is considered as affluent. The economic progress in the country, which ensued as a result of the increase in the price of oil in the worl d market is non only evident in the development of infrastructures, telecommunications and other signs of development and progress. The government of Saudi Arabia has steadily invested in the health care system of the country because the government recognizes the crucial role of the supposition that in Saudi Arabia health care should be made available to everybody regardless of gender, nationality and economic status (Boutayeb & Serghini, 2006 WHO, 2006). Saudi Arabias universal and comprehensive health care coverage is an attestation of the truism that economic development should percolate in all segments and sectors of the society (Stiglitz, 2009). For it is in this way, that economic development can be claimed to be running(a) for the people, as it becomes manifest in the increase quality of life (Balakrishnan, 2010 Stiglitz, 2009). In Saudi Arabia, the primary health care provider is the government. The financial burden of the disease is shouldered by the government, thus, th e citizens have been freed from the concerns and difficulties arising from illness. Despite, universal and comprehensive health care access and coverage, Saudi Arabian

Market Across Culture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

commercialize Across Culture - Dissertation ExampleDirect exporting is one of the well-established market entry processes indoors the UK and Mexico. After 2000, the procedure of goods export from the UK to Mexico has witnessed a significant hike. During 2009, over 66%, i.e. almost 753 million pounds of the export from the UK to Mexico where goods. From 2011 to 2012, export of the UK yields in the Mexican market increased by 12.5% i.e. 1.13 billion pounds. Market Growth dodge After the market entry strategy, the organization needs to properly decide upon the market growth strategy. The digest of Ansoffs growth strategies will assist the organization to properly evaluate the growth opportunities within the Mexican market (Appendix 3). 48% of the population of Mexico originates from the Mexican-American pagan background, while almost 25% of them are from Spanish cultural background. As a result, the organization needs to select different market expansion strategy as per the diffe rences in the culture. The food consumption pattern of the Mexican-American population is highly influenced by the US and UK culture. Therefore, the organization needs to utilize the market development strategy that will influence the management to introduce existing product for the naked market. The food privilegeences of the Hispanic population are different from the UK food consumption pattern. They highly prefer corns, pepper, and beans in their food items. Hence, the marketers need to adopt diversification strategy to expand their business in the new market.

Possible Solution to Descartes' Mind-Body Problem Essay

Possible Solution to Descartes Mind-Body Problem - Essay ExampleThe question that remains to be asked is if incessantly the top dog and the em frame place have an fundamental interaction, then how is it possible? Descartes answer to this question is I was unable(p) to give any explanation (Descartes 1969162). Furthermore, he contended that that this rather hypothetical interaction between the heed and the body is merely an arbitrary one and something that can non be proven by science. Nevertheless, contrary to what Descartes had thought, modern science proves that the interaction between the mind and the body is not arbitrary and is supported by evidence on the movement of medications on the mind and the body as well as the James-Lange conjecture of emotion. The interaction between the mind and the body is not arbitrary, as Descartes has claimed. TheFreeDictionary.com defines the word arbitrary as something determined by chance, whim or impulse or subject to individual jud gment or preference. The interaction between the mind and the body, however, is not defined by chance or individual judgment but by definite cause and effect. ... In fact, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, an overdose of painkillers known as opioids would usually cause drowsiness Prescription Medications 2011). An overdose of amphetamines such as Adderall may also have aroused and mental personal effects as well as paranoia and anxiety (Prescription Medications 2011). These effects prove that the sensible and physiological effects of drugs have corresponding effects on the mind. The same thing is true with non-prescription drugs. Cocaine, for one, causes backbreaking anxiety, panic, paranoid delusions, delirium, sleeplessness, hallucinations and even acute psychosis if taken in large doses (Overdose 2011). In a interchangeable way, heroin can cause delirium, while metamphetamine can cause both delirium and psychosis, and marijuana can cause psychosis, hallucina tions, delusions and an inability to recognize ones identity (Overdose 2011). These simply prove that the mind is subject to certain changes in the physical and physiological make-up of the body just alter the bodys physiology and you alter the mind as well. Furthermore, since scientific experiments have established this information about these effects of drugs on the health, then one is apt to conclude that the interaction between the mind and the body is causal and not merely arbitrary. Another proof of the causal interaction between the mind and the body is the James-Lange theory of emotion. If we reduced the James-Lange theory to simple laymans terms it would sound like, We do not dismission because we feel afraid, we feel afraid because we run (Gray 198753). This means that whatever is experienced by the body is lastly reacted to by the mind. According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, fear or any